Impact Factor (2025): 6.9
DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET
Black Box
Regions (BBRs), which represent a significant degradation of Eigenspace Based
Minimum Variance (ESBMV) ultrasound imaging, occur mainly due to the result of
phase decoherence and acoustic attenuation of heterogeneous media. These
artefacts obscure clinically relevant anatomical features and thus destroy
diagnostic precision. Although adaptive beamforming has advanced significantly,
focused approaches for systematic BBR mitigation are still poorly examined.
Accordingly, the current investigation assesses the restorative efficiency of
non- multiplicative compounding techniques, namely Frequency Compounding (FC)
and Spatial Compounding (SC), in reducing BBR artefacts. Performance assessment
was done using Field II simulations and experimental phantom data measured by
Speckle Signal minus Noise Ratio (SSNR) and Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR).
Findings prove that SC significantly outperforms FC in restoring the signal
integrity of BBRs. By introducing angular diversity, SC effectively
decorrelates speckle, especially at moderate steering angles. Conversely, while
FC allows somewhat enhanced contrast improvement, the ability of the method to
recover signal in areas of low coherence is limited. Collectively, these
results show that incorporating SC into the ESBMV framework provides a powerful
tool to reduce BBR artefacts and dramatically improve image fidelity for
complex clinical applications.
Country : Iraq
IRJIET, Volume 10, Issue 2, February 2026 pp. 19-30