International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET International Open Access, Monthly, Peer Reviewed, Reputed Journal ISSN (online): 2581-3048

Impact Factor (2025): 6.9

DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET

A Study on Agrochemical Impacts on Environmental and Public Health in India: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The rapid evolution of agricultural methodologies in India has precipitated a substantial escalation in the utilization of agrochemicals, encompassing fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. While these substances have demonstrably aided in augmenting crop productivity and ensuring national food security, their excessive application and insufficient regulatory oversight have engendered significant environmental and public health concerns. This review consolidates current literature regarding the ecological and health effects of agrochemicals in India, emphasizing critical pathways of contamination, including soil degradation, water pollution, and bioaccumulation within food chains. This examination investigates the toxicological consequences for human health, focusing on both acute and chronic effects observed in agricultural labourers and the wider population. Furthermore, the analysis considers socio-economic ramifications, particularly those affecting smallholder farmers, alongside the deficiencies present in current regulatory structures. The study emphasizes the importance of sustainable alternatives, including integrated pest management, organic farming, and precision agriculture. The report's conclusions indicate recommendations for reducing the risks of agrochemicals. These recommendations also aim to maintain long-term agricultural productivity and promote environmental sustainability.

Country : India

1 Ravi Verma

  1. Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology, Lucknow, India

IRJIET, Volume 10, Issue 3, March 2026 pp. 196-208

doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2026.103028

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