International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET International Open Access, Monthly, Peer Reviewed, Reputed Journal ISSN (online): 2581-3048

Impact Factor (2025): 6.9

DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET

Design of a Power Distribution System for a Residential DC Microgrid

Slim abidCollege of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaHoussem Ben AribyaCollege of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Vol 10 No 4 (2026): Volume 10, Issue 4, April 2026 | Pages: 388-398

International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology

OPEN ACCESS | Research Article | Published Date: 30-04-2026

doi Logo doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2026.104054

pdf iconFull Text PDF
Abstract

This research investigates the design and optimization of a direct current (DC) distribution framework tailored for residential applications. The study evaluates critical parameters, including conductor sizing, appliance efficiency, and peak power demand, to develop a functional low-voltage infrastructure. A primary goal is to maximize system-wide efficiency by mitigating transmission losses through the selection of an ideal main bus voltage. To achieve this, four distinct voltage levels (24V, 48V, 60V, and 120V) are rigorously tested under varying load conditions to reflect real-world usage. By analyzing the inherent trade-offs between different designs configurations, this project identifies the most effective voltage standard that balances performance requirements with the dynamic needs of a modern DC-powered home.

Keywords

DC Power Distribution, Residential DC House, Low-Voltage Distribution System, DC Powerhouse, Power Efficiency, Power Loss Reduction, Main Bus Voltage, Energy-Efficient Loads, Electrical Distribution Design, DC Electrical System, Voltage Optimization, Wire Size Analysis, Renewable Energy Integration


Citation of this Article

Slim abid, & Houssem Ben Aribya. (2026). Design of a Power Distribution System for a Residential DC Microgrid. International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET, 10(4), 388-398. Article DOI https://doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2026.104054

Licence Copyright (c) 2026 International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology creative common licence This work is licensed under Creative common Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 Internation Licence
References
  1. Hirohito Yamada, “Autonomous Decentralized Cooperative Control DC Microgrid Deployed in Residential Areas” Energies 2025 vol. 18, Issue 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18185041
  2. Li W, Mou X, Zhou Y, Marnay C. On voltage standards for DC home microgrids energized by distributed sources. Conf Proc – 2012 IEEE 7th Int Power Electron Motion Control Conf – ECCE Asia, IPEMC 2012, vol. 3. p. 2282–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IPEMC.2012.6259203.
  3. Vossos V, Garbesi K, Shen H. “Energy savings from direct-DC in U.S. residential buildings” Energy and Buildings 2014; vol. 68: p. 223–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.09.009
  4. Sun L, Zhang N. Design, implementation and characterization of a novel bidirectional energy conversion system on DC motor drive using super- capacitors. Appl Energy 2014; 153:101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. apenergy.2014.06.084.
  5. Rothgang S, Baumhöfer T, van Hoek H, Lange T, De Doncker RW, Sauer DU. Modular battery design for reliable, flexible and multi-technology energy storage systems. Appl Energy 2015; 137:931–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. apenergy.2014.06.069.
  6. Veneri O, Capasso C, Iannuzzi D. Experimental evaluation of DC charging architecture for fully-electrified low-power two-wheeler. Appl Energy 2016;162:1428–38.
  7. E3 Systems. Redwood systems: products and services Available from: http://e3systems.com/redwoodsystems.html 2016 [accessed Sep 16, 2023].
  8. Gigaom. The next big thing for data centers: DC power Available from: https://gigaom.com/2012/01/13/the-next-big-thing-for-data-centers-dc- power/ 2012.
  9. Savage P, Nordhaus R, Jamieson S. DC microgrids: benefits and barriers. Silos to Syst Issues Clean Energy Clim Chang Yale Publ; 2010.
  10. US Energy Information Administration. Annual Energy Outlook 2015. vol. 1. 2015.
  11. US Environmental Protection Agency. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2011. Washington, DC; 2013.
  12. Garbesi K, Vossos V, Shen H. Catalog of DC Appliances and Power Systems. Berkeley, CA: 2011.
  13. US Energy Information Administration. Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2009. Washington DC: 2012.
  14. Solar Energy Industries Association. New Report Shows US Solar Industry Nearing 16 GW of Installed Capacity 2014. .
  15. Feldman D, Barbose G, James T, Weaver S, Fu R, Davidson C. Photovoltaic System Pricing Trends 2014 Edition. US Dep Energy; 2014. p. 1–32.
  16. Thomas BA, Azevedo IL, Morgan G. Edison revisited: should we use DC circuits for lighting in commercial buildings? Energy Policy 2012;45:399–411. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.048
  17. E3 Systems. Redwood systems: products and services Available from:

Copyright @ 2026 IRJIET. All Right Reserved.

Licensed underCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.