Exploring the Meaning of Motivation in Learning: A Qualitative Inquiry among Students

Abstract

The fundamental inquiry into why students engage, persist, or withdraw from the learning process remains a central pillar of educational psychology. While quantitative metrics have traditionally dominated the field by providing correlations between motivational traits and academic achievement, they often fail to capture the lived nuances and subjective meanings that students assign to their educational journeys. This research paper employs a qualitative, phenomenological approach to explore the meaning of motivation among undergraduate students, with a specific focus on the diverse and evolving Indian higher education context. Drawing on a purposive sample of 25 undergraduate students from an urban university setting, the study utilizes semi-structured interviews to uncover the internal and external dialogues that shape their drive to learn. Grounded in the synergy of Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, and Expectancy-Value Theory (EVT), the analysis identifies five core themes: intrinsic sparks as anchors of resilience, the double-edged nature of extrinsic pressures, the pivotal role of relational "relatedness" (including the "guru-shishya" bond), socio-cultural barriers as burdens of identity, and the psychological toll of the grade-oriented "race." The findings suggest that motivation is not a static trait but a fluid, context-bound phenomenon influenced by familial expectations, economic realities, and institutional empathy. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for "motivation mapping" and relational pedagogy to nurture intrinsic drives equitably. This research provides critical insights for educators, institutional leaders, and policymakers aiming to foster student-centered learning environments in a post-pandemic landscape.

Country : India

1 Sirin Sultana2 Md Zamirul Islam

  1. Ph. D. Research Scholar, Department of Education, University of Gour Banga, West Bengal, India
  2. Student, Department of Education, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India

IRJIET, Volume 10, Issue 4, April 2026 pp. 86-93

doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2026.104011

References

  1. Assefa, T., & Tilwani, S. (2025). Teacher leadership and student engagement in higher education. Journal of Educational Leadership.
  2. Bandu, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2024). Perspectives on self-determination theory and student persistence. Psychological Review.
  3. Biboso, J., & Dela Cruz, M. (2025). Students’ motivation strategies and attitudes in learning social sciences. Psychology and Education, 38(7), 776–799.
  4. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Press.
  5. Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2024). Situated expectancy-value theory: A review. Annual Review of Psychology.
  6. Filgona, J., Sakiyo, J., & Gwany, D. M. (2020). Motivation in learning. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies.
  7. Hauzel, L., & Van Beuningen, R. (2024). Intrinsic motivation and GPA: A mediating model of learning strategies. PMC Psychology.
  8. Kumari, S., Jain, S. K., & Kumari, R. (2025). Voices from the classroom: A qualitative exploration of how motivation shapes undergraduate students' experiences. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 13(4), 2615-2620.
  9. Kumar, V., & Kapoor, R. (2024). Motivation and self-regulation in higher education success. Journal of Educational Psychology.
  10. Lovett, M. C., et al. (2023). Enhancing college teaching through a deeper understanding of student motivation. AETR Journal.
  11. Meena, R. K. (2023). Universal access and equity provisions in NEP 2020. Journal of Anthropological Studies.
  12. Ministry of Education. (2024). AISHE 2021-22: All India Survey on Higher Education. Government of India.
  13. Moges, B., & Korhonen, H. (2024). Inclusive learning environments and cognitive engagement. Educational Research Review.
  14. Patidar, S. (2025). Sustaining digital platforms: A study of DIKSHA and SWAYAM. Journal of Teacher Training.
  15. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-Determination Theory. Guilford Press.
  16. Salman, A., & Yanpar-Yelken, T. (2024). Motivation and communication in ESL classrooms: A study based on Maslow. AESS Archive.
  17. Scoulas, J., et al. (2025). Comprehensive perspectives on university student success and adjustment. Journal of Student Success.
  18. Singh, J. (2018). Navigating academic landscapes: Meanings and purposes. Indian Mental Health Journal.
  19. Srivastava, S. (2024). Emotional maturity and yogic interventions in adolescents. IJFMR.
  20. UNESCO. (2023). Global Education Monitoring Report: Technology in Education.    
  21. Watrous, Faith A. (2025). Situated motivation for an undergraduate degree: A phenomenology. Old Dominion University.