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Impact Factor (2025): 6.9
DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET
Impact Factor (2025): 6.9
DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET
Vol 10 No 5 (2026): Volume 10, Issue 5, May 2026 | Pages: 791-795
International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology
OPEN ACCESS | Research Article | Published Date: 31-05-2026
Multi-terminal high-voltage direct-current transmission systems are increasingly being adopted for large-scale renewable integration, offshore wind collection, and asynchronous grid interconnection. However, protection of multi-terminal HVDC networks is challenging due to low line impedance, fast-rising fault currents, absence of natural current zero crossing, and complex propagation of traveling waves across junctions and converter terminals. High-impedance faults further complicate protection because their current magnitudes may be comparable to normal operating transients, making conventional over current and differential schemes less reliable. This paper presents a modal traveling wave based method for faulted-branch identification and high-impedance fault location in multi-terminal HVDC transmission networks. The proposed method decomposes pole domain voltage/current signals into modal components, detects initial wave front arrival times using energy-based wavelet processing, identifies the faulted branch through polarity and arrival time consistency, and estimates the fault distance using modal propagation velocity. A four-terminal meshed HVDC network is considered for analysis. Simulation-based results show that the proposed method can identify the faulted branch rapidly and locate high-impedance faults with acceptable accuracy under different fault resistances, fault locations, and sampling frequencies. The method is suitable for fast primary protection of future DC grids.
HVDC protection, multi-terminal HVDC, highimpedance fault, traveling wave, modal transformation, fault location, DC grid protection.
Arunendra Prasad Maurya, Shailendra Turkar, Gurucharan Mashram, & Ajay Shyamkunwar. (2026). Faulted-Branch Identification and High-Impedance Fault Location in Multi-Terminal HVDC Transmission Networks using Modal Traveling Wave Analysis. International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET, 10(5), 791-795.
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