International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET International Open Access, Monthly, Peer Reviewed, Reputed Journal ISSN (online): 2581-3048

Impact Factor (2025): 6.9

DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET

Numerical Investigation of the Performance of Ledge Beams Considering the Contribution of Inner Stirrups to Support External Loads

Abstract

Reinforced concrete L-shaped beams are frequently used in the precast concrete industry especially in bridges construction to support a series of deck beams. The spandrel acts as a hanger for the ledge part, hence hanging reinforcement is used in the spandrel for this action. It was supposed that the outer vertical stirrups’ branches are the main hanging elements for the ledge part; however, adding internal vertical branches contribute in hanging the ledge part. The perception that the outer vertical stirrups’ branches solely are the main hanging elements and the neglection of the effect of inner stirrups’ branches in hanging action can become questionable as it leads to using a great amount of outer reinforcement which leads to nesting of this part and increasing the fabrication cost of the beam. Therefore, a need exists to evaluate the contribution of the inner stirrups with the hanging steel reinforcement. This study aims to numerically model the performance of ledge beams taking into consideration distribution and amount of inner stirrups reinforcement, eccentricity of acting load on the capacity and performance of ledge beam.

Country : Egypt

1 Mohamed O. Abd Elhady2 Ezz El-Deen Mostafa3 Ahmed Ghallab

  1. Teaching Assistant, Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  3. Professor of Concrete Structures, Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

IRJIET, Volume 4, Issue 6, June 2020 pp. 1-10

doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2020.406001

Full Paper
Download

References

  1. C. Raths, “Spandrel Beam Behaviour and Design,” PCI Journal 29, 62-131, 1984.
  2. M. Bangash, “Manual of Numerical Methods in Concrete : Modelling and Applications Validated by Experimental and Site-Monitoring Data,” T. Telford, 2001.
  3. M. Kamara, L. Novak, “PCA Notes on ACI 318-11 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete with Design Applications, ”Portland Cement Association, 2013.
  4. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, “PCI Design Handbook,” 2nd Edition, 1978.
  5. G. Klein, “Design of Spandrel Beams,” PCI Journal 31, 76–124, 1986.
  6. T. Hassan, “Finite Element Study of Shear Behavior of Spandrel Ledges and Comparison with PCI Shear Design Provisions,” Adv. Struct. Eng., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 475–485, Oct. 2007.
  7. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, “PCI Design Handbook,” 6th Edition, 2004.
  8. E. Mostafa, “Effect of Hanger Steel and It's Location on the Behavior of Ledge Beam,” Ain Shams University, 2015.
  9. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, “PCI Design Handbook,” 7th Edition, 2010.
  10. Y. Badawy, “Contribution of Inner Stirrups with the Hanger Steel Reinforcement on the Behaviour of Ledge Beam,” Ain Shams University, 2017.
  11. Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp., “Abaqus Analysis User’s Guide,” 2016.
  12. BS EN 1992-1-1, “Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures, General rules and rules for buildings,” 1992.
  13. D. J. Carreira and K. H. Chu, “Stress-Strain Relatonship For Reinforced Concrete In Tension,” J. Am. Concr. Inst., vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 21–28, Jan. 1986.
  14. ACI Committee 318. ACI 318-19, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary,” 2019.
  15. S.V. Chaudhari and M.A. Chakrabarti, “Modeling of Concrete for Nonlinear Analysis Using Finite Element Code ABAQUS” International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 44– No.7, 2012.
  16. M. Nafadi, G. Lucier, S. Rizkalla, P. Zia, and G. Klein, “Ledge Behaviour and Strength of Long-Span L-Shaped Beams” PCI Journal 63, 50-66, 2018.
  17. M. Nafadi, O. Khalafalla, G. Lucier, S. Rizkalla, P. Zia, and G. Klein, “Ledge Behaviour and Strength of Short-Span L-Shaped Beams” PCI Journal 63, 67-86, 2018.

Copyright @ 2026-2017 IRJIET. All Right Reserved.

Developed by Byzero Technologies