Modelling and Forecasting Immunization against Measles Disease in Nigeria Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)

Mr. Takudzwa. C. MaradzeIndependent Researcher, Harare, ZimbabweDr. Smartson. P. NYONIZICHIRe Project, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, ZimbabweMr. Thabani NYONISAGIT Innovation Center, Harare, Zimbabwe

Vol 5 No 3 (2021): Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2021 | Pages: 571-575

International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology

OPEN ACCESS | Research Article | Published Date: 05-04-2021

doi Logo doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2021.503097

Abstract
In this research article, the ANN approach was applied to analyze child immunization against measles in Nigeria. The employed annual data covers the period 1984-2019 and the out-of-sample period ranges over the period 2020-2030. The residuals and forecast evaluation criteria (Error, MSE and MAE) of the applied model indicate that the model is stable in forecasting child immunization coverage in the country. The ANN (12, 12, 1) model projections suggest that immunization against measles in Nigeria is likely to decline from 51% in 2020 to about 23% by 2030.The Nigerian government is encouraged to intensify child health surveillance and control programs, in line with our policy prescriptions.
Keywords

Modelling, Forecasting, Artificial Neural Networks, ANN.


Citation of this Article

Mr. Takudzwa. C. Maradze, Dr. Smartson. P. NYONI, Mr. Thabani NYONI, “Modelling and Forecasting Immunization against Measles Disease in Nigeria Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)” Published in International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET, Volume 5, Issue 3, pp 571-575, March 2021. Article DOI https://doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2021.503097

References
  1. Antai, Diddy. "Inequitable childhood immunization uptake in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual determinants." BMC infectious diseases 9, no. 1 (2009): 1-10.
  2. Babalola, Stella, and OlabisiAina. "Community and systemic factors affecting the uptake of immunisation in Nigeria: A qualitative study in five states." National Report, Abuja: PATHS (2004).
  3. Bryce, Jennifer, Cynthia Boschi-Pinto, Kenji Shibuya, Robert E. Black, and WHO Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group. "WHO estimates of the causes of death in children." The Lancet 365, no. 9465 (2005): 1147-1152.
  4. Faneye, Adedayo O., Johnson A. Adeniji, Babatunde A. Olusola, Babatunde O. Motayo, and Grace B. Akintunde. "Measles virus infection among vaccinated and unvaccinated children in Nigeria." Viral immunology 28, no. 6 (2015): 304-308.
  5. Kerksiek, Kristen. "Vaccine fatigue: the danger of measles." (2009).
  6. Masresha, Balcha, Fiona Braka, NnekaUkachiOnwu, Joseph Oteri, Tesfaye Erbeto, Saliu Oladele, KyandindiSumaili et al. "Progress towards measles elimination in Nigeria: 2012–2016." Journal of immunological sciences (2018): 135.
  7. Odusanya, Olumuyiwa O., Ewan F. Alufohai, Francois P. Meurice, and Vincent I. Ahonkhai. "Determinants of vaccination coverage in rural Nigeria." BMC Public health 8, no. 1 (2008): 1-8.
  8. OJO, OLUBUNMI EYITAYO. "Immunization and Vaccinology in Disease Control."
  9. Ophori, Endurance A., Musa Y. Tula, Azuka V. Azih, Rachel Okojie, and Precious E. Ikpo. "Current trends of immunization in Nigeria: prospect and challenges." Tropical medicine and health 42, no. 2 (2014): 67-75.
  10. Rima, Bertus K., and W. Paul Duprex. "Morbilliviruses and human disease." The Journal of Pathology: A Journal of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland 208, no. 2 (2006): 199-214.
  11. Saleh, Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar. "Trends of measles in Nigeria: A systematic review." Sahel Medical Journal 19, no. 1 (2016): 5.
  12. Sibeudu, Florence Tochukwu, Obinna E. Onwujekwe, and Ijeoma L. Okoronkwo. "Cost analysis of supplemental immunization activities to deliver measles immunization to children in Anambra state, south-east Nigeria." Vaccine 38, no. 37 (2020): 5947-5954.
  13. World Health Organization. Immunization, vaccines and biologicals. Available from http://www.who.int/immunization/en/vaccinnes. WHO; 2009.
  14. World Health Organization. Measles fact sheet no. 286. Updated Feb 2014. Available at www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/
  15. Zimmermann, Marita, Kurt Frey, Brittany Hagedorn, A. J. Oteri, Abdulazeez Yahya, MaimunaHamisu, Fred Mogekwu, Faisal Shuaib, Kevin A. McCarthy, and Guillaume Chabot-Couture. "Optimization of frequency and targeting of measles supplemental immunization activities in Nigeria: a cost-effectiveness analysis." Vaccine 37, no. 41 (2019): 6039-6047.