Modelling and Forecasting Immunization against Measles Disease in Nigeria Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
Abstract
In this research article, the ANN approach was
applied to analyze child immunization against measles in Nigeria. The employed
annual data covers the period 1984-2019 and the out-of-sample period ranges
over the period 2020-2030. The residuals and forecast evaluation criteria
(Error, MSE and MAE) of the applied model indicate that the model is stable in
forecasting child immunization coverage in the country. The ANN (12, 12, 1)
model projections suggest that
immunization against measles in Nigeria is likely to decline from 51% in 2020
to about 23% by 2030.The
Nigerian government is encouraged to intensify child
health surveillance and control programs, in line with our policy
prescriptions.
Country : Zimbabwe
1 Mr. Takudzwa. C. Maradze2 Dr. Smartson. P. NYONI3 Mr. Thabani NYONI
Independent Researcher, Harare, Zimbabwe
ZICHIRe Project, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
Antai, Diddy. "Inequitable childhood immunization uptake in
Nigeria: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual
determinants." BMC infectious diseases 9, no. 1 (2009):
1-10.
Babalola, Stella, and OlabisiAina. "Community and systemic factors
affecting the uptake of immunisation in Nigeria: A qualitative study in five
states." National Report, Abuja: PATHS (2004).
Bryce, Jennifer, Cynthia Boschi-Pinto, Kenji Shibuya, Robert E. Black,
and WHO Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group. "WHO estimates of the
causes of death in children." The Lancet 365, no. 9465
(2005): 1147-1152.
Faneye, Adedayo O., Johnson A. Adeniji, Babatunde A. Olusola, Babatunde
O. Motayo, and Grace B. Akintunde. "Measles virus infection among
vaccinated and unvaccinated children in Nigeria." Viral immunology 28,
no. 6 (2015): 304-308.
Kerksiek, Kristen. "Vaccine fatigue: the danger of measles."
(2009).
Masresha, Balcha, Fiona Braka,
NnekaUkachiOnwu, Joseph Oteri, Tesfaye Erbeto, Saliu Oladele, KyandindiSumaili
et al. "Progress towards measles elimination in Nigeria:
2012–2016." Journal of immunological sciences (2018):
135.
Odusanya, Olumuyiwa O., Ewan F. Alufohai, Francois P. Meurice, and
Vincent I. Ahonkhai. "Determinants of vaccination coverage in rural
Nigeria." BMC Public health 8, no. 1 (2008): 1-8.
OJO, OLUBUNMI EYITAYO. "Immunization and Vaccinology in Disease
Control."
Ophori, Endurance A., Musa Y. Tula, Azuka V.
Azih, Rachel Okojie, and Precious E. Ikpo. "Current trends of immunization
in Nigeria: prospect and challenges." Tropical medicine and health 42,
no. 2 (2014): 67-75.
Rima, Bertus K., and W. Paul Duprex. "Morbilliviruses and human
disease." The Journal of Pathology: A Journal of the Pathological
Society of Great Britain and Ireland 208, no. 2 (2006): 199-214.
Saleh, Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar. "Trends of measles in Nigeria: A
systematic review." Sahel Medical Journal 19, no. 1
(2016): 5.
Sibeudu, Florence Tochukwu, Obinna E.
Onwujekwe, and Ijeoma L. Okoronkwo. "Cost analysis of supplemental
immunization activities to deliver measles immunization to children in Anambra
state, south-east Nigeria." Vaccine 38, no. 37 (2020):
5947-5954.
World
Health Organization. Immunization, vaccines and biologicals. Available from
http://www.who.int/immunization/en/vaccinnes. WHO; 2009.
Zimmermann, Marita, Kurt Frey, Brittany
Hagedorn, A. J. Oteri, Abdulazeez Yahya, MaimunaHamisu, Fred Mogekwu, Faisal
Shuaib, Kevin A. McCarthy, and Guillaume Chabot-Couture. "Optimization of
frequency and targeting of measles supplemental immunization activities in
Nigeria: a cost-effectiveness analysis." Vaccine 37, no.
41 (2019): 6039-6047.