Impact Factor (2025): 6.9
DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET
This project presents the efficient design and development of ambient
energy harvesting system based wireless sensor networks (WSN). In this system
Super capacitor is used as storage device instead of batteries, which eliminate
the complication of replacing the batteries at regular intervals thus
developing sustainable and self-powered wireless sensor nodes. This project
utilizes photovoltaic cells to sustain energy buffers in the form of super
capacitors instead of batteries. Combined with power efficient algorithms, we
can increase the lifetime of sensor network nodes using charging mechanisms. In
the hybrid architecture, three input sources (PV, thermal and vibration) are
combined in parallel to solve the limitation issue of a single source energy
harvester and to improve the system performance. Energy will be scavenged from
the environment for thermal and vibration sources by converting directly
temperature difference and vibrational movement to electrical energy. Vibration
produces AC input and will be converted to DC using a rectifier. A converter is
used to boost the two sources (thermal and vibration) and DC-DC converter is
proposed to step-up these small input sources. Here also proposed a frequency
regulation technique to provide constant efficiency at all loads because of the
incessant problems of using a Pulse Width Modulation pump with fixed frequency
that leads to low efficiency at low load conditions. The team presented a
wireless energy harvesting unit in the first instance that uses only a single
stage voltage multiplier which they extended to three stages in order to
harvest energy much more efficiently with a Low-dropout regulator that cannot
boost the rectified voltage. But with a regulated Charge pump they were able to
boost the battery voltage up to 3.7 times the input DC Voltage.
Country : India
IRJIET, Volume 5, Issue 4, April 2021 pp. 68-73