International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET International Open Access, Monthly, Peer Reviewed, Reputed Journal ISSN (online): 2581-3048

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DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET

An Introduction to Liquid Crystals and It’s Types Nematic, Smetic and Cholestric Crystals

Abstract

Liquid crystals (LCs) are considered as the “fourth state of matter,” which can display properties between crystals and isotropic liquids. LCs can be classified into lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) and thermotropic liquid crystals (TLCs), among which LLCs are a kind of self-assemblies formed by amphiphile molecules in a given solvent within certain concentration ranges. The structures and properties of LLCs can be tuned by the incorporation of various kinds of additives, which represents an interesting and novel route for realizing functional composites. Liquid crystalline materials typically involve organic compounds and show a state of order intermediate between the familiar crystalline lattices and those of isotropic liquids. Today, the word “mesophase” is a more appropriate and meaningful description of this intermediate state between crystal and liquid. Any organic liquid comprised of nonspherical (either rod-like or discotic) molecules is, in theory, capable of forming a mesophase, and about 0.5% of all pure organic compounds show liquid crystalline behaviour. Liquid crystals may be divided into two broad categories: thermotropic and lyotropic. Thermotropies have temperature-dependent phase behaviour, while lyotropic exhibit concentration-dependent phase behaviour. The former is typically a one-component system, while the latter requires a solvent (e.g., water) plus the liquid crystalline solute. In this monograph, emphasis will be given to thermotropic systems. However, the results obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra are quite similar in both types of liquid crystals.

Country : India

1 Dr. Archana Maurya2 Prof. Devendra Kumar Awasthi

  1. Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Shri Jai Narain Mishra P.G. College, Lucknow, (U.P.) India
  2. Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Shri Jai Narain Mishra P.G. College, Lucknow, (U.P.) India

IRJIET, Volume 6, Issue 10, October 2022 pp. 101-106

doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2022.610016

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