International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET International Open Access, Monthly, Peer Reviewed, Reputed Journal ISSN (online): 2581-3048

Impact Factor (2025): 6.9

DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET

The Effect of Outlet Diameter and Shape of Vortex Finder on the Efficiency of a Square Cyclone

Abstract

The cyclone separator has a simple construction design, low operating cost, and the ability to adapt to high pressure and temperature conditions, making it widely used in industry. Cyclone performance can be seen from the efficiency of particle collection and pressure drop. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) methods are widely used in solving complex flow problems. This study examines the outlet diameter and modification of the shape of the vortex finder on the performance of a square cyclone to increase the efficiency of separating a square cyclone. Four different forms of vortex finder, Standard Vortex (SV), Convergent Vortex (CV), Divergent Vortex (DV), and Convergent Divergent Vortex (CDV) will be simulated to assess the impact of gas temperature on the performance of the square cyclone in the velocity flow plane, cyclone performance, temperature distribution, and heat transfer. The RSM turbulence model is used to simulate fluid flow. The Eulerian-Langrangian approach was chosen to predict the phase motion of the particles. The trajectories of particles in the stream are tracked individually using the DPM method. The simulation results show that the use of the Convergent Divergent Vortex (CDV) form increases the efficiency of square cyclone separation while at the same time increasing the pressure drop. Using a Convergent Vortex (CV) shape is useful for reducing the size of the piece by up to 50%. This is because the incoming air flow experiences centrifugal force in the vortex finder area, thereby increasing efficiency and increasing the pressure drop on the square cyclone.

Country : Indonesia/Republic of Korea

1 Abdul Basit2 Mohamad Said Kartono Tony Suryo Utomo3 Eflita Yohana4 Vika Abidah5 Kwang-Hwan Choi

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
  4. Department of Physics, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
  5. College of Engineering Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 608-739, Republic of Korea

IRJIET, Volume 6, Issue 11, November 2022 pp. 12-24

doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2022.611002

Full Paper
Download

References

  1. M. Rhodes, Introduction to Particle Technology, John Wiley and Sons, West Sussex, England, 2008.
  2. L. Theodore, Air Pollution Controll Equipment, John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey, Canada, 2008.
  3. L. J. Graham, R. Taillon, J. Mullin, and T. Wigle, “Pharmaceutical process/equipment design methodology case study: Cyclone design to optimize spray-dried-particle collection efficiency,” Comput. Chem. Eng., vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 1041–1048, Jul. 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2010.04.004.
  4. V. Kumar and K. Jha, “Multi-objective shape optimization of vortex finders in cyclone separators using response surface methodology and genetic algorithms,” Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 215, no. October 2018, pp. 25–31, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.083.
  5. I. Karagoz, A. Avci, A. Surmen, and O. Sendogan, “Design and performance evaluation of a new cyclone separator,” J. Aerosol Sci., vol. 59, pp. 57–64, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2013.01.010.
  6. L. S. Brar, R. P. Sharma, and R. Dwivedi, “Effect of vortex finder diameter on flow field and collection efficiency of cyclone separators,” Part. Sci. Technol., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 34–40, 2015, doi: 10.1080/02726351.2014.933144.
  7. J. Feng, W. Chen, L. Wang, and X. Peng, “Separation performance of new type of multi-stage axial cyclone used as demister in power plant emission system,” J. Dispers. Sci. Technol., vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 1643–1656, 2020, doi: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1634584.
  8. J. Duan, S. Gao, Y. Lu, W. Wang, P. Zhang, and C. Li, “Study and optimization of flow field in a novel cyclone separator with inner cylinder,” Adv. Powder Technol., vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 4166–4179, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.08.020.
  9. K. Elsayed and C. Lacor, “Numerical modeling of the flow field and performance in cyclones of different cone-tip diameters,” Comput. Fluids, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 48–59, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2011.07.010.
  10. B. Zhao, Y. Su, and J. Zhang, “Simulation of gas flow pattern and separation efficiency in cyclone with conventional single and spiral double inlet configuration,” Chem. Eng. Res. Des., vol. 84, no. 12 A, pp. 1158–1165, 2006, doi: 10.1205/cherd06040.
  11. E. Fatahian, H. Fatahian, E. Hosseini, and G. Ahmadi, “A low-cost solution for the collection of fine particles in square cyclone: A numerical analysis,” Powder Technol., vol. 387, pp. 454–465, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.04.048.
  12. Q. Zhao, B. Cui, D. Wei, T. Song, and Y. Feng, “Numerical analysis of the flow field and separation performance in hydrocyclones with different vortex finder wall thickness,” Powder Technol., vol. 345, pp. 478–491, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.01.030.
  13. E. Yohana, M. Tauviqirrahman, B. Yusuf, K. H. Choi, and V. Paramita, “Effect of vortex limiter position and metal rod insertion on the flow field, heat rate, and performance of cyclone separator,” Powder Technol., vol. 377, pp. 464–475, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.09.014.
  14. W. D. Griffiths and F. Boysan, “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and empirical modelling of the performance of a number of cyclone samplers,” J. Aerosol Sci., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 281–304, 1996, doi: 10.1016/0021-8502(95)00549-8.
  15. K. Elsayed and C. Lacor, “The effect of the dust outlet geometry on the performance and hydrodynamics of gas cyclones,” Comput. Fluids, vol. 68, pp. 134–147, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2012.07.029.
  16. E. Yohana, M. Tauviqirrahman, B. Yusuf, K. H. Choi, and V. Paramita, “Effect of vortex limiter position and metal rod insertion on the flow field, heat rate, and performance of cyclone separator,” Powder Technol., vol. 377, pp. 464–475, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.09.014.
  17. T. Mothilal, K. Pitchandi, V. Velukumar, and K. Parthiban, “CFD and statistical approach for optimization of operating parameters in a tangential cyclone heat exchanger,” J. Appl. Fluid Mech., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 459–466, 2018, doi: 10.29252/jafm.11.02.27791.
  18. G. Gronald and J. J. Derksen, “Simulating turbulent swirling flow in a gas cyclone: A comparison of various modeling approaches,” Powder Technol., vol. 205, no. 1–3, pp. 160–171, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2010.09.007.
  19. A.Horvath, C. Jordan, and M. Harasek, “Influence of vortex-finder diameter on axial gas flow in simple cyclone,” Chem. Prod. Process Model., vol. 3, no. 1, 2008, doi: 10.2202/1934-2659.1149.
  20. F. Kaya, I. Karagoz, and A. Avci, “Effects of surface roughness on the performance of tangential inlet cyclone separators,” Aerosol Sci. Technol., vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 988–995, 2011, doi: 10.1080/02786826.2011.574174.
  21. L. S. Brar, R. P. Sharma, and K. Elsayed, “The effect of the cyclone length on the performance of Stairmand high-efficiency cyclone,” Powder Technol., vol. 286, pp. 668–677, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.09.003.
  22. J. Duan, S. Gao, Y. Lu, W. Wang, P. Zhang, and C. Li, “Study and optimization of flow field in a novel cyclone separator with inner cylinder,” Adv. Powder Technol., vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 4166–4179, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.08.020.
  23. S. K. Shukla, P. Shukla, and P. Ghosh, “Evaluation of numerical schemes using different simulation methods for the continuous phase modeling of cyclone separators,” Adv. Powder Technol., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 209–219, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2010.11.009.
  24. S. K. Shukla, P. Shukla, and P. Ghosh, “The effect of modeling of velocity fluctuations on prediction of collection efficiency of cyclone separators,” Appl. Math. Model., vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 5774–5789, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2012.11.019.
  25. Q. Wei, G. Sun, and C. Gao, “Numerical analysis of axial gas flow in cyclone separators with different vortex finder diameters and inlet dimensions,” Powder Technol., vol. 369, pp. 321–333, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.05.038.
  26. E. Hosseini, H. Fatahian, G. Ahmadi, M. Eshagh Nimvari, and E. Fatahian, “CFD study on the effect of gas temperature on the separation efficiency of square cyclones,” J. Brazilian Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng., vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 1–13, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s40430-021-03165-4.
  27. S. Wang, M. Fang, Z. Luo, X. Li, M. Ni, and K. Cen, “Instantaneous separation model of a square cyclone,” Powder Technol., vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 65–70, 1999, doi: 10.1016/S0032-5910(98)00196-X.
  28. Y. Su, A. Zheng, and B. Zhao, “Numerical simulation of effect of inlet configuration on square cyclone separator performance,” Powder Technol., vol. 210, no. 3, pp. 293–303, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.03.034.
  29. H. Fatahian, E. Fatahian, M. Eshagh Nimvari, and G. Ahmadi, “Novel designs for square cyclone using rounded corner and double-inverted cones shapes,” Powder Technol., vol. 380, pp. 67–79, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.11.034.
  30. N. Malahayati, D. Darmadi, C. Alisa Putri, L. Mairiza, W. Rinaldi, and Y. Yunardi, “Comparative performance analysis between conventional and square cyclones for solid Particle-Gas Separation: A review,” Mater. Today Proc., no. xxxx, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.157.
  31. Y. Su and Y. Mao, “Experimental study on the gas-solid suspension flow in a square cyclone separator,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 51–58, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2006.04.008.
  32. J. Haake, T. Oggian, J. Utzig, L. M. Rosa, and H. F. Meier, “Investigation of the pressure drop increase in a square free-vortex cyclonic separator operating at low particle concentration,” Powder Technol., vol. 374, pp. 95–105, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.07.008.
  33. M. Wasilewski, L. S. Brar, and G. Ligus, “Experimental and numerical investigation on the performance of square cyclones with different vortex finder configurations,” Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 239, no. January, pp. 10–24, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116588.
  34. S. Venkatesh, S. P. Sivapirakasam, M. Sakthivel, S. Ganeshkumar, M. Mahendhira Prabhu, and M. Naveenkumar, “Experimental and numerical investigation in the series arrangement square cyclone separator,” Powder Technol., vol. 383, pp. 93–103, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.01.031.
  35. E. Yohana, M. Tauviqirrahman, D. A. Laksono, H. Charles, K. H. Choi, and M. E. Yulianto, “Innovation of vortex finder geometry (tapered in-cylinder out) and additional cooling of body cyclone on velocity flow field, performance, and heat transfer of cyclone separator,” Powder Technol., vol. 399, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117235.
  36. K. Elsayed, F. Parvaz, S. H. Hosseini, and G. Ahmadi, “Influence of the dipleg and dustbin dimensions on performance of gas cyclones: An optimization study,” Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 239, no. January, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116553.
  37. G. Wan, G. Sun, X. Xue, and M. Shi, “Solids concentration simulation of different size particles in a cyclone separator,” Powder Technol., vol. 183, no. 1, pp. 94–104, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.019.
  38. M. Nakhaei, B. Lu, Y. Tian, W. Wang, K. Dam-Johansen, and H. Wu, “CFD modeling of gas-solid cyclone separators at ambient and elevated temperatures,” Processes, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1–26, 2020, doi: 10.3390/pr8020228.
  39. H. I. Erol, O. Turgut, and R. Unal, “Experimental and numerical study of Stairmand cyclone separators: a comparison of the results of small-scale and large-scale cyclones,” Heat Mass Transf. und Stoffuebertragung, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 2341–2354, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s00231-019-02589-y.
  40. S. A. Morsi and A. J. Alexander, “An investigation of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems,” J. Fluid Mech., vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 193–208, 1972, doi: 10.1017/S0022112072001806.
  41. Y. Su and Y. Mao, “Experimental study on the gas-solid suspension flow in a square cyclone separator,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 51–58, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2006.04.008.
  42. F. Parvaz, S. H. Hosseini, K. Elsayed, and G. Ahmadi, “Numerical investigation of effects of inner cone on flow field, performance and erosion rate of cyclone separators,” Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 201, no. February, pp. 223–237, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.001.
  43. S. Wang, H. Li, R. Wang, X. Wang, R. Tian, and Q. Sun, “Effect of the inlet angle on the performance of a cyclone separator using CFD-DEM,” Adv. Powder Technol., vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 227–239, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.10.027.
  44. A.Raoufi, M. Shams, M. Farzaneh, and R. Ebrahimi, “Numerical simulation and optimization of fluid flow in cyclone vortex finder,” Chem. Eng. Process. Process Intensif., vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 128–137, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.cep.2007.08.004.
  45. F. Ficici, A. Vedat, and M. Kapsiz, “The effects of vortex finder on the pressure drop in cyclone separators,” Int. J. Phys. Sci., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 804–813, 2010.
  46. S. Fu, F. Zhou, G. Sun, H. Yuan, and J. Zhu, “Performance evaluation of industrial large-scale cyclone separator with novel vortex finder,” Adv. Powder Technol., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 931–939, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.01.033.
  47. C. L. Townsend and J. M. Varnum, Fundamentals of Engineering Review. 1986.
  48. B. Pei, L. Yang, K. Dong, Y. Jiang, X. Du, and B. Wang, “The effect of cross-shaped vortex finder on the performance of cyclone separator,” Powder Technol., vol. 313, pp. 135–144, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.02.066.
  49. G. Wan, G. Sun, X. Xue, and M. Shi, “Solids concentration simulation of different size particles in a cyclone separator,” Powder Technol., vol. 183, no. 1, pp. 94–104, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.019.
  50. L. Xiaodong, Y. Jianhua, C. Yuchun, N. Mingjiang, and C. Kefa, “Numerical simulation of the effects of turbulence intensity and boundary layer on separation efficiency in a cyclone separator,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 95, no. 1–3, pp. 235–240, 2003, doi: 10.1016/S1385-8947(03)00109-8.

Copyright @ 2026-2017 IRJIET. All Right Reserved.

Developed by Byzero Technologies