Detecting Future Trends of Adolescent Fertility for Bolivia Using the Double Exponential Smoothing Technique

Abstract

This study uses annual time series data of adolescent fertility rate for Bolivia from 1960 to 2020 to predict future trends of adolescent fertility over the period 2021 to 2030. The study utilizes Holt’s linear exponential smoothing model. The optimal values of smoothing constants α and β are 0.9 and 0.1 respectively based on minimum MSE. The results of the study indicate that annual adolescent fertility will continue to decline throughout the out of sample period. Therefore, we encourage authorities in Bolivia to allocate more resources towards addressing all the factors that drive adolescent pregnancies and strictly enforce laws to protect sexual and reproductive rights of adolescent girls and women. 

Country : Zimbabwe

1 Smartson. P. NYONI2 Thabani NYONI

  1. ZICHIRe Project, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
  2. Independent Researcher & Health Economist, Harare, Zimbabwe

IRJIET, Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2022 pp. 132-136

doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2022.612024

References

  1. UNICEF (2019). Levels and trends in child mortality: report 2019. Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for child mortality estimation. New York: UNICEF.
  2. Walker, J. A. (2012). Early marriage in Africa – Trends, harmful effects, and interventions. African Journal of Reproductive Health 16(2): 231-240.
  3. UN (2020) sustainable development goals. https://www.un.org/sustainabl development/development-agenda
  4. UNICEF (2018). Every Child alive. New York: UNICEF
  5. World Health Organization (WHO) (2019). SDG 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages.
  6. United Nations (2016). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development.
  7. United Nations (1995). United Nations International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo 5-13 September, 1994. Programme of Action. New York: United Nations, Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis.
  8. Neal S., Matthews Z., Frost M., Fogstad H., Camacho A.V., and Laski L (2012). Childbearing in adolescents aged 12–15 years in low resource countries: a neglected issue. New estimates from demographic and household surveys in 42 countries. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 91(9):1114–8. https://doi.org/1 0.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01467.x.
  9. Odimegwu C., and Mkwananzi S (2016). Factors associated with teen pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country cross-sectional study. Afr J Reprod Health. 20(3):94–107. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.14.
  10. Wado Y.D., Sully E.A., and Mumah J.N (2019). Pregnancy and early motherhood among adolescents in five east African countries: a multi-level analysis of risk and protective factors. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 19(1):59. https://doi.org/1 0.1186/s12884-019-2204-z
  11. Okigbo CC., and Speizer I.S (2015). Determinants of Sexual Activity and Pregnancy among Unmarried Young Women in Urban Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One. 10(6):e0129286.
  12. Kaphagawani N., and Kalipeni E (2017). Sociocultural factors contributing to teenage pregnancy in Zomba district, Malawi. Glob Public Health. 12(6):694– 710. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2016.1229354.