Estimating Future Trends of Adolescent Fertility for Ethiopia Using Holt’s Double Exponential Smoothing Technique

Abstract

This study uses annual time series data of adolescent fertility rate for Ethiopia from 1960 to 2020 to predict future trends of adolescent fertility rate over the period 2021 to 2030. The study utilizes Holt’s linear exponential smoothing model. The optimal values of smoothing constants α and β are 0.9 and 0.2 respectively based on minimum MSE. The results of the study indicate that annual adolescent fertility will continue to decline throughout the out of sample period. Therefore, we encourage authorities in Ethiopia to attend to the various socio-economic, cultural, geographic and political factors that drive high adolescent birth rates in the country.

Country : Zimbabwe

1 Smartson. P. NYONI2 Thabani NYONI

  1. ZICHIRe Project, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
  2. Independent Researcher & Health Economist, Harare, Zimbabwe

IRJIET, Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2022 pp. 252-257

doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2022.612048

References

  1. Klein J.D (2005). Adolescent pregnancy: current trends and issues. Pediatrics. 116(1):281–6. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-0999.
  2. Kassa GM., Arowojolu A., Odukogbe A., and Yalew AW (2018). Prevalence and determinants of adolescent pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Health. 15(1):195. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978018-0640-2.
  3. Kaphagawani N., and Kalipeni E (2017). Sociocultural factors contributing to teenage pregnancy in Zomba district, Malawi. Glob Public Health. 12(6):694– 710. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2016.1229354.
  4. Darroch JE., Woog V., Bankole A., Ashford L. S., and Points K (2000). Costs and benefits of meeting the contraceptive needs of adolescents: Guttmacher Institute. Franklin C, Corcoran J. Preventing adolescent pregnancy: a review of programs and practices. Soc Work. 45(1):40–52. https://doi.org/10.1093/ sw/45.1.40.
  5. Neal S., Matthews Z., Frost M., Fogstad H., Camacho AV., and Laski L (2012). Childbearing in adolescents aged 12–15 years in low resource countries: a neglected issue. New estimates from demographic and household surveys in 42 countries. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 91(9):1114–8. https://doi.org/1 0.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01467.x.
  6. WHO (2016). Global health estimates 2015: deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000-2015. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  7. Odimegwu C., and Mkwananzi S (2016). Factors associated with teen pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country cross-sectional study. Afr J Reprod Health. 20(3):94–107. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.14.
  8. Ochen A.M., Chi P.C., and Lawoko S (2019). Predictors of teenage pregnancy among girls aged 13–19 years in Uganda: a community based case-control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 19(1):211. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12 884-019-2347-y.
  9. Ayele B.G., Gebregzabher T.G., Hailu T.T., and Assefa BA (2018). Determinants of teenage pregnancy in Degua Tembien District, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: A community-based case-control study. PLoS One. 13(7):e0200898.
  10. UNICEF (2014). Progress and prospects. End Child Marriage Prog Prospect UNICEF. 2014:1-8
  11. United Nations Children’s Fund (2008). World population day: Young People and Family Planning: Teenage Pregnancy 2008.
  12. United Nations Children’s Fund (2011). The state of the world’s children 2011: Adolescence an age of opportunity. New York.
  13. United Nations Population Fund (2013). Adolescent pregnancy: A Review of the Evidence. New York: UNFPA.
  14. World Health Organization (2011). Preventing early pregnancy and poor reproductive outcomes among adolescents in developing countries. In. Edited by Department of Maternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health. Geneva.
  15. Central Statistical Agency, ICF International. ETHIOPIA Demographic and Health Survey 2016
  16. Okigbo CC., and Speizer IS (2015). Determinants of Sexual Activity and Pregnancy among Unmarried Young Women in Urban Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One. 10(6):e0129286.
  17. Birhanu B.E., Kebede D.L., Kahsay A.B., and Belachew AB(2019). Predictors of teenage pregnancy in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis. BMC Public Health. 19(1): 601. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6845-7.