International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET International Open Access, Monthly, Peer Reviewed, Reputed Journal ISSN (online): 2581-3048

Impact Factor (2025): 6.9

DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET

Nano-Technology and Its Applications in Water Purification

Abstract

Nanotechnology is the engineering and application of atoms, molecules, and particles whose sizes are on the nanometer scale (1-100 nm). Studies have shown that nanoparticles (NPs), most especially the nano metal oxides have improved and/or unusual physic chemical properties when compared with the corresponding bulk materials. Thus, these unique properties make NPs very useful in different field like medicine, electronics, biomaterials, energy production, water and wastewater treatment, etc. Different methods such as the gas phase synthesis (gas condensation processing, chemical vapour condensation, microwave plasma processing, and combustion flame synthesis), ball milling, co-precipitation, sol gel, micro emulsion, and surfactant have been widely reported in literature over the years for the production of NPs. There are few conventional technologies which are affordable and can be produced locally for effective removal of contaminants from water and wastewater. However, there are several challenges with regards to the cost and the removal efficiency of certain pollutants, most especially, the persistent organic pollutants and endocrine disruptors by these conventional technologies. Environmental nanotechnology vis nanotechnology and/or nanotechnology combined with conventional technologies are able to treat organic and inorganic contaminants to acceptable levels. There is currently intense scientific interest in nanotechnology for water and wastewater treatment; nevertheless, there are concerns about the toxicity and environmental impact of NPs. The application of nanotechnology for the removal of toxic pollutants such as the pharmaceutical and personal care products, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates, furans and dioxins, agrochemicals and pesticides, volatile organic compounds, viruses and bacteria, dyes, inorganic pollutants, etc., has been widely reported by several investigators in the field of nanotechnology. Interestingly, results have shown that environmental nanotechnology could be effectively utilized for the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from drinking water, sewage, municipal, industrial and process wastewater.

Country : Iraq

1 Rahmah Ghazwan Sedeeq

  1. Department of Biophysics, College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq

IRJIET, Volume 7, Issue 3, March 2023 pp. 59-71

doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2023.703008

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