International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET International Open Access, Monthly, Peer Reviewed, Reputed Journal ISSN (online): 2581-3048

Impact Factor (2025): 6.9

DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET

Wireless Insole for Dynamic Foot Plantar Measurement in Standing Activity Using Force Sensitive Resistor Base on Android

Abstract

The distribution of load on the soles of the feet depends on the position of the feet during the activity. Most of the human activities most often carried out by humans are standing activities. Pain in the soles of the feet appears not only because of the posture of the feet since birth, but can also be due to habits when doing activities. This study aims to analyze the distribution of foot load during standing activities. Useful information to improve your standing pattern. The research method involved a 21-year-old human sample, with a weight criterion of 81 kg using shoes between sizes 40. Load distribution measurements used 24 FSR-400 sensors (12 left and 12 right). The sensor is installed by sewing on a 3 mm thick silicon sole and inserted into a sports shoe. Sensor data is received by ESP-32 as a microcontroller and sent using Bluetooth wireless technology (HC-05) to an android smartphone. Load distribution sensor data is processed in Python Android (Pydroid) and then displayed in a color gradation concept (color mapping). This concept more easily describes the load on the soles of the feet. The smallest to largest loads are shown in blue to red. Based on 10 measurements, the results are validated by the measurement display on the tool that has been made. The load distribution data shown by the tool on users with normal feet can help change their habitual patterns of standing activities.

Country : Indonesia

1 Muhammad Abdul Wahid2 Dwi Basuki Wibowo3 Ismoyo Haryanto

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Wahid Hasyim University, Jl. Raya Manyaran-Gunungpati Km. 15 Nongkosawit Kec. Gunungpati, Semarang, 50224 Indonesia
  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Sudarto No.13, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275 Indonesia
  3. Mechanical Engineering Department, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Sudarto No.13, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275 Indonesia

IRJIET, Volume 7, Issue 8, August 2023 pp. 173-178

doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2023.708022

Full Paper
Download

References

  1. Basuki Wibowo, D., Widodo, A., Haryadi, G. D., &Suprihanto, A. (2018). Effects of Different Heel Heights on Heel Pressure Distribution for Calcaneal Spur Patients during Standing: Finite Element Analysis. MATEC Web of Conferences, 159. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815902033.
  2. Cavanagh, P. R., & Rodgers, M. M. (1987). The arch index: A useful measure from footprints. Journal of Biomechanics, 20(5), 547–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(87)90255-7.
  3. Lemaire, E., Biswas, A., & Kofman, J. (2006). Plantar Pressure Parameters for Dynamic Gait Stability Analysis. 4.
  4. Caselli, A., Pham, H., Giurini, J. M., Armstrong, D. G., &Veves, A. (2002). The Forefoot-to-Rearfoot Plantar Pressure Ratio Is Increased in Severe Diabetic Neuropathy and Can Predict Foot Ulceration. Diabetes Care, 25(6), 1066–1071. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.6.1066.
  5. Perry, J. E., Hall, J. O., & Davis, B. L. (2002). Simultaneous measurement of plantar pressure and shear forces in diabetic individuals. Gait & Posture, 15(1), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(01)00176-X.
  6. Horisberger, M., Hintermann, B., & Valderrabano, V. (2009). Alterations of plantar pressure distribution in posttraumatic end-stage ankle osteoarthritis. Clinical Biomechanics, 24(3), 303–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.12.005.
  7. Mueller, M. J. (1999). Application of Plantar Pressure Assessment in Footwear and Insert Design. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 29(12), 747–755. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1999.29.12.747.
  8. Lee, Y. C., Lin, G., & Wang, M. J. J. (2014). Comparing 3D foot scanning with conventional measurement methods. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-014-0044-7.
  9. Jung, Y., Jung, M., Lee, K., & Koo, S. (2014). Ground reaction force estimation using an insole-type pressure mat and joint kinematics during walking. Journal of Biomechanics, 47(11), 2693–2699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.05.007.
  10. Hu, X., Zhao, J., Peng, D., Sun, Z., & Qu, X. (2018). Estimation of foot plantar center of pressure trajectories with low-cost instrumented insoles using an individual-specific nonlinear model. Sensors (Switzerland), 18(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020421.
  11. Hegde, N., & Sazonov, E. S. (2015). SmartStep 2.0—A completely wireless, versatile insole monitoring system. Proceedings - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2015, 746–749. https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBM.2015.7359779.
  12. Albon, T. (2011). Plantar Force Distribution for Increasing Heel Height within Women’s Shoes.
  13. Arafsha, F., Laamarti, F., & El Saddik, A. (2019). Cyber-physical system framework for measurement and analysis of physical activities. Electronics (Switzerland), 8(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020248.
  14. Charlon, Y., Campo, E., & Brulin, D. (2018). Design and evaluation of a smart insole: Application for continuous monitoring of frail people at home. Expert Systems with Applications, 95, 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2017.11.024.

Copyright @ 2026-2017 IRJIET. All Right Reserved.

Developed by Byzero Technologies