Crowd Control Strategies in Casinos in Lagos State, Nigeria

Abstract

A casino is a recreation center, one of our society's leisure amenities. Therefore, a casino is a public location where guests can play various games of chance and gambling to entertain themselves. From previous reviews as shown in the study, casinos ought to have various crowd control strategies available to avert the risks associated with overcrowding. However, it depends on how effective the designers and other building professionals are willing to implement these strategies to make the building more conducive. The study examined crowd control strategies in recreational facilities in Lagos state, Nigeria, with a view to understanding why these facilities were created for maximum profit returns, over the safety of the users. To achieve this, a structured questionnaire was used for data collection, and a descriptive approach was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the grand mean value of 4.57 was more significant than the cut-off mean value of 3.5, indicating that measures implemented for crowd control in the casino were ineffective. The findings imply that the crowd control strategies implemented have less effect on casino users. Thus, inadequate provision of crowd control strategies puts users at potential risk in the casinos. Casinos should provide safety measures by design from the onset or as a precaution after establishment.

Country : Nigeria

1 Kindness E. Etu2 Taiwo E. Adebakin3 Orekan A. Atinuke4 Ajiro S. Akugha

  1. Department of Architecture, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
  2. Department of Estate Management, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
  3. Department of Architecture, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
  4. Department of Architecture, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria

IRJIET, Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2024 pp. 105-112

doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2024.801014

References

  1. Angitso, D. L., & Eze, C. J. (2019). ASSESSMENT OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN ELEMENTS APPLICATION FOR CROWD MOVEMENT OPTIMIZATION IN CATHOLIC CHURCHES IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA. http://repository.futminna.edu.ng:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10421
  2. Ding, X., He, F., Lin, Z., Wang, Y., Guo, H., & Huang, Y. (2020). Crowd density estimation using fusion of multi-layer features. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 22(8), 4776–4787.
  3. Felemban, E. A., Rehman, F. U., Biabani, S. A. A., Ahmad, A., Naseer, A., Majid, A. R. M. A., Hussain, O. K., Qamar, A. M., Falemban, R., & Zanjir, F. (2020). Digital revolution for Hajj crowd management: A technology survey. IEEE Access, 8, 208583–208609.
  4. Gong, V. X., Daamen, W., Bozzon, A., & Hoogendoorn, S. P. (2021). Counting people in the crowd using social media images for crowd management in city events. Transportation, 48(6), 3085–3119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-020-10159-z
  5. Hartley, C. L. (2020). Investigating the mechanisms of social support’s effects on sport-related outcomes: A social identity approach. https://www.storre.stir.ac.uk/handle/1893/31754
  6. Ho, Y., Lam, L. W., & Lam, D. (2019). Gamble more than you want? A study of casino servicescape, perceived control and unplanned gaming behaviors. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(2), 557–574.
  7. Huang, B. (2021). Guidelines for Designing E-sports Themed Cybercafé [PhD Thesis, Auburn University]. https://search.proquest.com/openview/2e0b66f2b9912725a4c2d566aff308b8/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
  8. Ikibe, J. H., & Akande, O. K. (2018). Crowd Control in Public Building Designs: Current Trend and Strategies for Ecclesiastical Buildings in Abuja, Nigeria. http://repository.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/4598/1/Crowd%20Control%20in%20Public%20Building%20Designs.pdf
  9. Kamarudin, L. M., Abd Aziz, N. A. R., & Ramely, A. (2022). Understanding crowd management in sports events: A preliminary study. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Culinary Arts, 14(1), 393–410.
  10. Landry, C. E., Bergstrom, J., Salazar, J., & Turner, D. (2021). How Has the COVID19 Pandemic Affected Outdoor Recreation in the U.S.? A Revealed Preference Approach. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 43(1), 443–457. https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13119
  11. Makinde, E. O., & Oyelade, E. O. (2020). Land cover mapping using Sentinel-1 SAR and Landsat 8 imageries of Lagos State for 2017. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(1), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05589-x
  12. Mohammed, S. S., Dias, C., Alhajyaseen, W., & Alqaradawi, M. Y. (2023). Exploring Crowd Management and Evacuation Strategies using Microscopic Pedestrian Simulation: A Case Study of Souq Waqif. http://qspace.qu.edu.qa/handle/10576/46737
  13. MUHAMMAD, N. S. (2020). ASSESSMENT OF CROWD CONTROL STRA TEGIES IN THE DESIGN OF NATIONAL STADIUM AT MINNA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA [PhD Thesis]. http://repository.futminna.edu.ng:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/12660
  14. Newburn, T. (2021). The Causes and Consequences of Urban Riot and Unrest. Annual Review of Criminology, 4(1), 53–73. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-061020-124931
  15. Oberdörfer, S., Schraudt, D., & Latoschik, M. E. (2022). Embodied gambling—Investigating the influence of level of embodiment, avatar appearance, and virtual environment design on an online VR slot machine. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 3, 828553.
  16. Porter, C. A., & Rosner, B. S. (2021). ‘All Things to All People’: 1 Corinthians, Ethnic Flexibility, and Social Identity Theory. Currents in Biblical Research, 19(3), 286–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476993X21990957
  17. Rad, D., & Demeter, E. (2020). A Moderated Mediation Effect of Online Time Spent on Internet Content Awareness, Perceived Online Hate Speech and Helping Attitudes Disposal of Bystanders. Postmodern Openings, 11(2 Supl 1), 107–124.
  18. Santana, J. R., Sánchez, L., Sotres, P., Lanza, J., Llorente, T., & Muñoz, L. (2020). A privacy-aware crowd management system for smart cities and smart buildings. IEEE Access, 8, 135394–135405.
  19. Sharma, P., & KB, N. (2021). Game of Skill vs Game of Chance-A Debate. Legal Spectrum J., 1, 1.
  20. Still, K., Papalexi, M., Fan, Y., & Bamford, D. (2020). Place crowd safety, crowd science? Case studies and application. Journal of Place Management and Development, 13(4), 385–407.
  21. Tsai, H., & Fong, L. H. N. (2021). Casino-induced satisfaction of needs and casino customer loyalty: The moderating role of subjective norms and perceived gaming value: Article. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 38(5), 478–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2021.1952147