Data sharing is one of the most advantageous applications of the Internet of Things in cloud computing. Regardless of how appealing this technology is, data security remains one of its issues, since inappropriate data usage can lead to a range of issues. In this paper, we present a proxy re-encryption mechanism for protecting data transport in cloud environments. Data owners can send encrypted data to the cloud using identity-based encryption, while authorized users can access the data using proxy re-encryption. Because Internet of Things devices have limited capability, an edge device acts as a proxy server to do sophisticated calculations. Furthermore, we effectively use information-centric networking capabilities to supply cached data in the proxy, resulting in improved service quality and increased. Furthermore, we effectively use information-centric networking capabilities to supply cached data in the proxy, resulting in improved service quality and greater network bandwidth. Our system is also built on blockchain, a groundbreaking technology that allows for decentralized data sharing. It improves the efficiency of centralized systems and enables fine-grained data access management. According to the security study and evaluation, our system has the capability of providing privacy protection, authenticity, and dependability.