International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET International Open Access, Monthly, Peer Reviewed, Reputed Journal ISSN (online): 2581-3048

Impact Factor (2025): 6.9

DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET

Morphological Characterization and Analysis of the Oil Chemical Properties of Various Olive Varieties Introduced to the Northwestern Region of Syria, Compared with the Local Sorani Variety

Abstract

The research was conducted in the northwestern region of Syria (Idlib) during the agricultural season 2023-2024, to evaluate the most important morphological and qualitative characteristics of some foreign varieties introduced to the region (Arbequina, Spanish green, Spanish black) and compare them with the Sorani local variety. The fruits and leaves of the mentioned varieties were collected at the beginning of November, and the required morphological readings were taken (fruit length, diameter, weight, size, petiole length, internodes length, leaf length, and width). Samples of the fruits were also collected to extract oil and study its qualitative specifications (oil ratio, quality, acidity, peroxide value, taste, and color).The results of the study confirmed that the local variety Sorani was superior to all introduced foreign varieties (Arbequina, Spanish green, Spanish black), in fruit length (24.10 mm) and diameter (16.63 mm), length of the internodes (27.10 mm), leaf length (54.67 mm) and width (13.00 mm). The Sorani variety was also superior in the specifications of olive oil extracted from the fruits, oil ratio (25%), peroxide value (2.16 meq O2/kg), acidity (0.5%), and moisture (0.1976%). The oil ratio in the introduced varieties (Arbequina, Spanish green, Spanish black) was 10, 16, and 16%, respectively. The oil had a pungent taste and a distinctive dark green color in Sorani. It had a sweet taste (not pungent) and a light-yellow color in Arbequina. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the studied traits between the two Spanish varieties, green and black. As for the Arbequina variety, it was significantly behind the other varieties in the studied traits. According to this study, local varieties like the Sorani variety should be preserved because they are superior to introduced varieties. All necessary agricultural services must be provided to ensure the success of their cultivation. Before planting introduced varieties on a large scale, their productivity and adaptation to the environmental conditions of the area should be thoroughly studied.

Country : Syria

1 Dr. Rida DRAIE2 Dr. Hafsa BARAKAT

  1. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Idlib University, Syria
  2. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Idlib University, Syria

IRJIET, Volume 8, Issue 11, November 2024 pp. 38-48

doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2024.811005

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