Ophthalmic diseases continue to pose a significant public health burden worldwide, with herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis and progressive myopia ranking among the leading causes of avoidable visual impairment and blindness. HSV keratitis is particularly problematic because of its recurrent nature, driven by viral latency in trigeminal ganglia and periodic reactivation triggered by environmental or systemic factors such as stress, fever, ultraviolet exposure, and immune suppression. Despite the availability of antiviral therapy, recurrence rates remain high, and repeated episodes often culminate in corneal scarring, stromal opacities, and irreversible vision loss, underscoring the urgent need for more effective long-term preventive strategies. At the same time, the rapid digital transformation of modern lifestyles has introduced new challenges to ocular health. The global increase in prolonged screen exposure—from smartphones, computers, and digital learning platforms—has been strongly associated with digital eye strain, accommodative dysfunction, dry eye disease, and even accelerated myopia onset in children and young adults. These trends raise important clinical and social concerns, especially in the post-pandemic era where remote work and online education have become widespread. Parallel to these concerns is the escalating myopia epidemic, projected to affect nearly half of the world’s population by 2050. Within this context, artificial intelligence (AI) and predictive analytics have emerged as transformative tools in ophthalmology, offering unprecedented capabilities in modeling axial length growth, predicting refractive error progression, and guiding personalized intervention strategies. Deep learning and advanced machine learning models can integrate genetic, environmental, and biometric data to deliver tailored clinical recommendations, representing a crucial step toward precision medicine in myopia control. Preventive interventions for pre-myopia—a stage where children are at risk of developing myopia but have not yet crossed the diagnostic threshold—are equally critical. Both clinical approaches (such as low-dose atropine and optical interventions like peripheral defocus lenses) and behavioral strategies (increased outdoor activity, reduced near work, and screen management) have shown promise in slowing myopia progression and reducing long-term risks of high myopia. Notably, the rate of axial elongation is significantly influenced by baseline refractive error and age, with younger children and those presenting with higher myopia at baseline demonstrating faster progression and greater lifetime risk of pathological complications such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, and myopic maculopathy. Adding another dimension to modern ophthalmic research, ocular drug delivery systems are being revolutionized through investigations into contact lens material properties. The hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, and electrostatic charge of lens materials are pivotal in determining drug absorption, retention, and release kinetics, with implications for sustained delivery of therapeutics in conditions ranging from dry eye disease to glaucoma and infectious keratitis. Advances in this field promise to overcome the limitations of conventional eye drops by enhancing bioavailability, patient compliance, and therapeutic efficacy. Collectively, these diverse but interconnected research areas reflect the multifaceted challenges and innovations shaping contemporary ophthalmology. By integrating insights from infectious disease, behavioral science, artificial intelligence, and biomedical engineering, the field is progressing toward a comprehensive, personalized, and technology-driven future for vision preservation.