International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET International Open Access, Monthly, Peer Reviewed, Reputed Journal ISSN (online): 2581-3048

Impact Factor (2025): 6.9

DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET

Electrical Systems in Autonomous Vehicles: A Comprehensive Study

Mohaimen Q. AlgburiCollege of Communication Engineering, University of Technology- IraqAyman N. MuhiCollege of Communication Engineering, University of Technology- IraqMustafa GhanimCollege of Communication Engineering, University of Technology- Iraq

Vol 9 No 12 (2025): Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2025 | Pages: 140-153

International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology

OPEN ACCESS | Research Article | Published Date: 23-12-2025

doi Logo doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2025.912022

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Abstract

Technological advancements and the adoption of innovative ideas have simplified our lives. We have witnessed this development in all sectors, including transportation, manufacturing, and technology. The entire transportation network is evolving towards artificial intelligence. One of the most important components of future smart cities is intelligent mobility for autonomous vehicles. This emerging topic has attracted significant attention, but it is still in its early stages and requires careful research and solutions to potential problems and possibilities. This research paper addresses the present state of two major parts of an autonomous vehicle system: (1) electrical and electromechanical systems; and (2) smart vehicle sensors. Such systems include a broad spectrum of technologies, including high-resolution sensors (LiDAR, radar, and cameras, etc), high-performance computing platforms to make real-time decisions, and accurate electromechanical actuators to steer, brake, and propel. Moreover, the electrification of self-driving cars introduces new issues of power management, energy efficiency, and thermal control, especially as computing demands are increasing. Electrical systems are a critical research and development area because well-coordinated interaction among sensing, computing, and actuation is critical to the realization of robust autonomy. This paper provides a systematic review of the current electrical systems in autonomous vehicles, discusses how they are integrated into the overall vehicle architecture, and identifies some of the emerging trends that will shape the future of autonomous mobility.

Keywords

Autonomous vehicles; Sensors; Electrical systems; LiDAR; vehicle-to-everything (V2X)


Citation of this Article

Mohaimen Q. Algburi, Ayman N. Muhi, & Mustafa Ghanim. (2025). Electrical Systems in Autonomous Vehicles: A Comprehensive Study. International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET, 9(12), 140-153. Article DOI https://doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2025.912022

Licence Copyright (c) 2026 International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology creative common licence This work is licensed under Creative common Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 Internation Licence
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