Normalized Clinical Feature Neural Net (NCF-NN) for Cardiovascular Prediction

Abstract

Heart disease continues to be one of the leading causes of demise around the world, emphasizing the urgent need for effective early detection mechanisms. Normalized Clinical Feature Neural Net (NCF-NN), a neural network-based technique designed to categorize patients based on the likelihood of cardiovascular issues utilizing 13 clinical characteristics, is proposed in this research. The architecture involves two concealed layers with ReLU activation and L2 regularization, optimized using stochastic gradient descent and binary cross-entropy loss. Leveraging a dataset of 13 standardized clinical attributes extraction, the model attained a prediction accuracy of 98%, an AUC of 0.99, and consistently robust outcomes across other evaluation metrics. These conclusions underscore the model's potential as a practical diagnostic support tool in clinical environments, offering dependable risk prediction and contributing to more informed and proactive cardiovascular care. Separately, some patients exhibited multiple risk factors increasing the complexity of analysis, while others presented with only one or two characteristics highlighting the variance in presentations. The model successfully classified cases along this spectrum demonstrating its ability to evaluate diverse patient profiles.

Country : Iraq

1 Ruaa H. Ali Al-Mallah2 Marwa Mawfaq Mohamedsheet Al-Hatab

  1. Technical Engineering College for Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Northern Technical University, Mosul, Iraq
  2. Technical Engineering College, Northern Technical University, Mosul, Iraq

IRJIET, Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2025 pp. 65-70

doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2025.905008

References

  1. Ahmad AA, Polat H. “Prediction of Heart Disease Based on Machine Learning Using Jellyfish Optimization Algorithm”. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Jul 17; 13(14): 2392. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13142392. PMID: 37510136; PMCID: PMC10378171.
  2. Qassim, H. Early Prediction of Stroke Risk Using Machine Learning Approaches and Imbalanced Data. NTU Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(1), 2025.
  3. Al-Nima, R. R. O., Al-Hatab, M. M. M., & Qasim, M. A. (2023). An artificial intelligence approach for verifying persons by employing the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nucleotides. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2023(1), 6678837.
  4. Hameed, D. M., Aziz, R. R., Malla, M. A., Al-Hatab, M. M. M., & AL-Nima, R. R. O. (2025). Performance Evaluation of SVM Classifiers for Atrial Fibrillation Detection. Iraqi Journal of Science.
  5. Al-Hatab, M. M. M., Alhashim, M. A., Fadhil, M. A., Hasan, A. J. A. R., & Al-Sultan, T. G. (2022). Innovative Non-Invasive Blood Sugar Level Monitoring for Diabetes Using UWB Sensor. Journal of Optoelectronics Laser, 41(4), 422-437.‏
  6. Al-Hatab, M. M. M., &AlNima, M. Z. S. (2023). Hematological classification of white blood cells by exploiting digital microscopic images. Eur Res Bull, 18, 44-52.‏
  7. Veisi, Hadi, Hamid Reza Ghaedsharaf, and Morteza Ebrahimi. "Improving the performance of machine learning algorithms for heart disease diagnosis by optimizing data and features." Soft computing journal 8, no. 1 (2021): 70-85.
  8. Parisi, L., Neagu, D., Ma, R., & Campean, F. (2022). Quantum ReLU activation for convolutional neural networks to improve diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and COVID-19. Expert systems with applications, 187, 115892.
  9. Dutta, A., Batabyal, T., Basu, M., & Acton, S. T. (2020). An efficient convolutional neural network for coronary heart disease prediction. Expert Systems with Applications, 159, 113408.
  10. Lenin, S. T., and K. Venkatasalam. "Effective Classification of Heart Disease Using Convolutional Neural Networks." Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 44, no. 2 (2025): 911-935.
  11. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/johnsmith88/heart-disease-dataset
  12. Ajam, Noura. "Heart diseases diagnoses using artificial neural network." IISTE Network and Complex Systems 5, no. 4 (2015).
  13. Hasan, Tabreer T., Manal H. Jasim, and Ivan A. Hashim. "Heart disease diagnosis system based on multi-layer perceptron neural network and support vector machine." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 77, no. 55 (2017): 2277-4106.
  14. Patro, Sibo Prasad, Gouri Sankar Nayak, and Neelamadhab Padhy. "Heart disease prediction by using novel optimization algorithm: A supervised learning prospective." Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 26 (2021): 100696.
  15. Parikh, Vanssh, Bhoomi Sharma, Arnav Byotra, and Amarjit Malhotra. "Optimizing Heart Disease Prediction Using a Hybrid Dynamic Swarm Evolution Approach." SN Computer Science 5, no. 8 (2024): 1104.
  16. Mondal, Subhash, Ranjan Maity, and Amitava Nag. "An efficient artificial neural network-based optimization techniques for the early prediction of coronary heart disease: comprehensive analysis." Scientific Reports 15, no. 1 (2025): 4827.
  17. Al-Hatab, M. M. M., Al-Obaidi, A. S. I., & Al-Hashim, M. A. (2024). Exploring CIE lab color characteristics for skin lesion images detection: a novel image analysis methodology incorporating color-based segmentation and luminosity analysis. Fusion: Practice and Applications, 15(1), 88-97.‏
  18. Fathel, W. R., Al-Obaidi, A. S. I., Qasim, M. A., & Al-Hatab, M. M. (2023). Skin cancer detection using K-means clustering-based color segmentation. Texas J Eng Technol, 18(2770-4491), 46-52.‏
  19. Alhelal, Dheyaa, Ahmed Khazal Younis, and Ruaa H. Ali Al-Mallah. "Detection of brain stroke in the MRI image using FPGA." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 19.4 (2021): 1307-1315.
  20. Al-Mallah, Ruaa H. Ali, DheyaaAlhelal, and Razan Abdulhammed. "ASSAS: An automatic smart students attendance system based on normalized cross-correlation." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10.2 (2021): 732-741.
  21. Daoud, Raid W., Ruaa H. Ali Al-Mallah, Mahmood Sh Majeed, and Yaareb MBI Al-khashab. "Design and Simulate an Attenuator for Multi Types Optical Fiber Using Neural Networks." International Journal of Enhanced Research in Science, Technology & Engineering 8, no. 5 (2019): 19-26.
  22. Al-Jabbar, A., Entisar, Y., Mohamedsheet Al-Hatab, M. M., Qasim, M. A., Fathel, W. R., & Fadhil, M. A. (2023). Clinical Fusion for Real-Time Complex QRS Pattern Detection in Wearable ECG Using the Pan-Tompkins Algorithm. Fusion: Practice & Applications, 12(2).‏
  23. Alrawi, R. M. S., & Basheer, N. M. (2025). Pediatric Radiology: An Analysis of AI-Powered Bone Age Determination Methods. NTU Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(1).‏