As the population grows, the number of vehicles on the road also rises, leading to an increase in traffic accidents. These accidents can be attributed to either human error or road conditions. Analysis of past data shows that 66% of accidents are caused by human error, while 33% are due to road-related factors, such as road and vehicle interaction, other road users, and environmental conditions.

In developing countries like India, the rate of accidents continues to climb each year. An accident is an unexpected event that occurs in public spaces, often causing injury to bystanders as well. Various types of collisions can occur, including head-on, right-angle, and rear-end collisions, depending on road design and driver behavior. At least one vehicle is usually involved in accidents that take place on public roads, resulting in personal injury, loss of life, and property damage.