International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET International Open Access, Monthly, Peer Reviewed, Reputed Journal ISSN (online): 2581-3048

Impact Factor (2025): 6.9

DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET

The Effect of Nozzle Distance and Transverse Speed of the Flame Hardening Process on Hardness Values in Low Carbon Steel

Norman IskandarMechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, IndonesiaSulardjakaMechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

Vol 6 No 10 (2022): Volume 6, Issue 10, October 2022 | Pages: 85-89

International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology

OPEN ACCESS | Research Article | Published Date: 01-11-2022

doi Logo doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2022.610013

pdf iconFull Text PDF
Abstract

Flame hardening is a simple and low-cost surface modification method for increasing the local hardness of knifes product. The mechanical strength yield from manual flame hardening is defective and not uniform. This study investigates the effect of the flame oxy-acetylene nozzle transverse speed on the hardness of quenched chopper knife made low carbon steel.  The firing distance of the nozzle was set to achieve the austenite temperature of low-carbon steel. Microstructure testing was carried out to analyze microstructural changes. The results show that the higher nozzle speed caused lower temperature heating and caused incomplete austenization. Incomplete austenization caused low hardness of the chopper knife, and the product didn’t meet the standard hardness value.

Keywords

surface treatment, flame hardening, low carbon steel, vickers hardness, microstructure


Citation of this Article

Norman Iskandar, Sulardjaka, “The Effect of Nozzle Distance and Transverse Speed of the Flame Hardening Process on Hardness Values in Low Carbon Steel” Published in International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET, Volume 6, Issue 10, pp 85-89, October 2022. Article DOI https://doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2022.610013

Licence Copyright (c) 2026 International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology creative common licence This work is licensed under Creative common Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 Internation Licence
References
  1. M.K. Lee, G.H. Kim, K.H. Kim, W.W. Kim. Effects of the surface temperature and cooling rate on the residual stresses in a flame hardening of 12Cr steel. (2006).Journal of Materials Processing Technology 176: 140–145.
  2. J. Thamilarasan, N. Karunagaran , P. Nanthakumar. (2021).Optimization of oxy-acetylene flame hardening parameters to analysis the surface structure of low carbon steelMaterials Today: Proceedings 46:4169–4173.
  3. J. Grum, S. Bozic, M. Zupancic, J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 114 (2001) 57–70.
  4. Kyoji, Japanese Patent 61-113712 (1986).
  5. S. Toyoaki, Japanese Patent 64-39327 (1989).
  6. R.J. Ackert, R.W. Witty, P.A. Crozier, US Patent 4,486,248 (1982).
  7. R. Araki, M. Kisimoto, K. Yoshida, JSME Int. J. 34 (1991) 397–402.
  8. P.A. Coulon, Lubr. Eng. 42 (1986) 357–362.
  9. J.A. Krzyzanowski, A.E. Kowalski, A.L. Shubenko, J. Eng. Gas Turb. Power 116 (1994) 442–451.
  10. F.J. Heymann, J. Appl. Phys. 40 (1969) 5113–5122.
  11. H. Kihara, K. Masubuchi, Weld. J. 38 (1959) 159–168.
  12. R. Robelotto, J.M. lambase, A. Toy, Weld. J. 47 (1968) 289–298.
  13. M. Heitkemper, C. Bohne, A. Pyzalla, A. Fischer, Int. J. Fatigue 25 (2003) 101–106.
  14. M. Heitkemper, A. Fischer, C. Bohne, A. Pyzalla, Wear 250 (2001) 477–484.
  15. Amende, W. (1985). Harten _on Werkstoffen und Bauteilen des Maschinenbaus mit dem Hochleistungslaser, Technologie Aktuell, (VDI Verlag, Du¨ sseldorf).
  16. Alkali, A., & Ginta, Turnad. Lenggo. (2015). Experimental Investigation and 3D Finite Element Prediction of Temperature Distribution during Travelling Heat Sourced from Oxyacetylene Flame Experimental Investigation and 3D Finite Element Prediction of Temperature Distribution during Travelling Heat Sourced from Oxyacetylene Flame, (April). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/78/1/012025.

Copyright @ 2026 IRJIET. All Right Reserved.

Licensed underCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.